The Mira de Aire caves
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The Mira de Aire Caves: A mystical journey to the heart of the earth in Portugal
In the heart of Portugal's Estremadura region, just a stone's throw from the town of Fátima, an underground world stretches for more than 11 kilometres, arousing both fascination and admiration. The Mira de Aire Caves, listed as one of Portugal's seven natural wonders, offer a unique immersive experience at the heart of spectacular rock formations shaped by time and the elements.
History and discovery
The Mira de Aire caves, also known as the Mira D'Aire caves, were discovered in 1947 by a group of speleologists. However, they were already known to the locals, who, fascinated by the legends and myths surrounding these caves, avoided entering them out of fear and respect.
The history of the caves goes back more than 150 million years, to the Jurassic period. The dissolution of limestone by water gradually formed a complex network of tunnels, galleries and caverns, sculpting geological wonders that continue to evolve to this day.
An impressive natural spectacle
From the moment you first step into the cave, you're in complete awe. The cool temperature contrasts with the heat outside, and the world suddenly seems to stand still, giving way to deep silence, disturbed only by the dripping of water.
The limestone formations, the result of thousands of years of erosion, offer a veritable festival of colours and shapes. Stalactites, stalagmites, columns and draperies adorn the immense halls, like so many natural sculptures. Each room has an evocative name: the "Red Dome", the "Cathedral" or the "Garden of the Nymphs", reflecting the grandeur and beauty of the site.
One of the highlights of the visit is the 'Grand Lac', whose calm waters reflect the ceiling studded with rock formations, creating a mesmerising visual spectacle. The carefully-placed artificial lighting accentuates the details and highlights the natural beauty of the site.
An educational experience
Beyond their visual beauty, the Mira de Aire caves are also a place of learning. Along the way, informative panels and knowledgeable guides explain the geological processes behind these formations. They learn how stalactites and stalagmites are formed, the difference between the two, and the importance of conserving these fragile environments.
The cave ecosystem is also highlighted. Caves are home to a special fauna, adapted to a dark, damp environment. These include bats, specific insects and crustaceans. Although these creatures are often invisible to visitors, they play an essential role in maintaining the balance of this unique habitat.
The importance of preservation
The popularity of the Mira de Aire caves has led to a growing influx of tourists, which has resulted in strict conservation measures. Access is limited and regulated to preserve the fragile atmosphere of the caves. In addition, constant studies are carried out to monitor the impact of tourism on the ecosystem.
Beyond the caves: a region to explore
The Estremadura region, where the caves are located, is rich in cultural and natural attractions. Lovers of history and spirituality will be delighted to visit the nearby town of Fátima, one of the world's leading Catholic pilgrimage sites. Nature lovers, meanwhile, will find plenty to do in the region's forests, mountains and beaches.
Conclusion
The Mira de Aire Caves are one of Portugal's natural treasures, offering visitors a plunge into a fascinating underground world shaped by millennia of natural processes. More than just a tourist attraction, they bear witness to the power and beauty of nature, and serve as a reminder of the importance of preserving our natural heritage. A must-see for anyone visiting the Estremadura region.